Bhs. Inggris Teddy Basari

Dalam Ujian Nasional Reading Texts Sebanyak   ± 35 soal, terdiri dari :

v     Genre

¨    Purpose of the text

¨    Generic structure

¨    Type of the text

¨    Lexicogramatical

v     Comprehension

§  Main idea / information of the text

§  Main idea / information of a paragraph

§  Specific information of word / expression

§  True / not true

§  Conclusion / interpretation

A.     Dibawah ini adalah macam-macam bentuk pertanyaan yang biasa ada dalam soal Reading:

1.       Menemukan gambaran umum/topic isi bacaan/teks.

Contoh pertanyaan : Which of the following is the most suitable title…?

                                 What is the suitable topic of the passage?

                                  The text mainly tells us about____.

2.       Menemukan informasi tertentu/khusus dari bacaan.

Contoh pertanyaan : When did she make her first solo flight? In…

3.       Menemukan informasi rinci yang tersurat dari bacaan teks/dialog.

Contoh : Which of the following requirements is not mentioned in the passage.

                “They may be classefied in several different ways…” 

     The underlined

                  Word refers to ….

4.       Menemukan informasi rinci yang tersirat dari bacaan teks/dialog.

Contoh : Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the text

                The following are TRUE about Maria EXCEPT…

5.       Menentukan main idea yang tersurat/tersirat dari suatu paragrap.

Contoh :  What is the main idea of the passage?

                 The fourth paragraph tells us ____.                                                             

6.       Menentukan makna kata, frasa dan kalimat berdasarkan konteks.

Contoh : “Brownie is Chinese breed, it is small, fluffy. And cute.”

                The underlined word mean ____

7.       Menentukan type text yang digunakan penulis.

Contoh : What type text is used by the writer?

                The text above is in the form of _____.

8.       Menentukan communicative purpose/tujuan kominikativ sebuah teks

Contoh : The communicative putpose of the text above is ___.

               The purpose of the text is _____.

9.       Menyusun kalimat dengan baik.

Contoh : The best order of the sentences above is …

               The best arrangement of the sentences to make a good paragraph is …

B.  Apa yang dimaksud dengan:

1.       TEXT adalah segala bentuk tulisan yang ada pada sebuah buku, artikel dll yang mempunyai makna. Non-continuous text misalnya brosur, label, grafik, tabel, map, diagram dsb. Continuous text misalnya narrative, descriptive,exposition, spoof dsb.

2.       PARAGRAPH adalah bagian dari sebuah tulisan/teks dan mungkin saja terdiri dari sebuah kalimat atau sekumpulan kalimat yang merupakan pengembangan dari pokok pikiran/main topic/main idea.

3.       Kalimat yang menggambarkan main idea/pokok pikiran dari sebuah paragraph disebit TOPIC SENTENCE.

4.       Topic sentence biasanya ada pada awal/akhir/kadang di tengah sebuah paragrap.

5.       Gambaran umum tentang isi bacaan bisa merupakan MAIN TOPIC atau MAIN IDEA.

6.       TOPIC dari sebuah paragrap/teks adalah subjek dari tulisan, sedangkan MAIN IDEA adalah keterangan, penjelasan, uraian topic atau merupakan pendapat penulis tentang topic tulisannya.

7.       Oleh karena itu pertanyaan tentang topic dari sebuah paragraph/text bisa tentang inti isi tulisan yang juga bisa merupakan judul.

8.       Jika pertanyaan menanyakan ‘TOPIC’ maka jawaban ditulis dalam satu kata atau bentuk frasa, tetapi jika pertanyaan menanyakan tentang ‘MAIN IDEA’ maka jawaban ditulis dalam kalimat lengkap.

9.       Yang dimaksud dengan ‘informasi tertentu/specific information’ adalah informasi yang tertera jelas dalam text, biasanya tentang nama, tempat, tanggal, tahun, dsb.

10.   Yang dimaksud dengan ‘informasi tersirat’ adalah informasi yang tidak tertera jelas dalam text. Untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan spt ini dibutuhkan keterampilan ‘reading between the lines’.

11.   Frasa adalah rangkaian kata yang mempunyai makna.

C. JENIS-JENIS TEXT: CIRI & CONTOH

1.       Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.  Jenis teks ini berupa cerita atau dongeng yang bertujuan menghibur pembaca.

2.       Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative. Jenis teks ini melaporkan kejadian, peristiwa atau kegiatan seseorang / pengalaman seseorang yang bertujuan menginformasikan atau menghibur.

3.       Descriptive  is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.  Jenis teks ini untuk menggambarkan seseorang, atau sesuatu,  .

4.       Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis. Teks ini menyajikan informasi atau mengupas hasil pengamatan, observasi, analisis, tentang benda, binatang, tempat atau orang.

5.       Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.  Teks ini menjelaskan tentang proses terkaitan pembentukan sesuatu atau menerangkan suatu fenomena, faham, definisi atau teori, dan hal yang berkaitan dengan fenomena alam.

6.        Analytical Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.  Teks ini menyodorkan ide, gagasan, argumentasi penulis tentang fenomena / permasalahan untuk mempengaruhi / membujuk pembaca bahwa gagasan/ide tersebut merupakan Sesutu hal yang penting.

7.       Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way. Teks ini menggambarkan usaha penulis agar pembaca melakukan sesuatu.

8.       Procedure is a text that show a process in order. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series.  Teks ini menujukkan suatu proses bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan melalui tahapan / rangkaian kegiaatan. Jadi teks ini memebri petunjuk tentang langkah-langkah / cara melakukan sesuatu.

9.       Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.  Teks ini menyajikan masalah yang harus didiskusikan dari sudut pandang yang berbeda.

10.  REVIEW is to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience
dominant Generic Structure. Teks ini untuk mengkritisi atau mengevaluasi suatu karya.

11.   Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers. Teks ini menceritakan tentang hal-hal yang tidak lazim, lucu, imajinatif (peristiwa/kejadian yang menimpa seseorang atau pengalaman seseorang yang diakhiri hal-hal lucu) dan  tujuannya untuk menhibur pembaca.

12.   Spoof  is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story. Teks ini menceritakan suatu cerita factual yang terjadi di masa lampau dengan akhir yang lucu dan tidak terduga. Tujuannya adalah untuk menghibur atau berbagi cerita.

13.   News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.  Teks yang menginformasikan pembaca tentang kejadian-kejadian  yang dianggap penting atau layak diberitakan (dipublikasikan).

GENERIC STUCTURE :

Ř  Orientation Memperkenalkan pada para pembaca atau member latar cerita awal mula suatu kejadian, serta menginformasikan tentang waktu dan tempat.

Ř  Reorientation member syarat bahwa cerita sudah tamat atau ungkapan penutup / akhir suatu cerita

Ř Complication Menggambarkan  masalah/krisis yang meningkat

Ř Resolution Menunjukkan cara partisipan menyelesaikan sutu masalah , lebih baik atau lebih buruk

Ř Event(s) menunjukkan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian berlangsung

Ř General statement bagian teks yang menyatakan pendapat penulis dan mayoritas pembaca setuju terhadap yang dinyatakan penulis.

Ř Explanation teks berupa penjelasan atau uraian detil dari fenomena yang diulas penulis.

Ř Closing penutup

Ř General classification bagian teks yang menunjukkan hal yang diulas / dibahas termasuk ruang lingkup / golongan apa

Ř Description bagian teks yang menggambarkan hal / benda yang diulas, biasanya menggambarkan bagian-bagian yang dimiliki benda tersebut seperti fungsi, keadaan, kualitas, perilaku, atau kebiasaan.

Ř Identification bagian teks yang menyebutkan suatu fenomena atau partisipan yang akan digambarkan.

Ř Thesis bagian kalimat yang menyatakan pendapat penulis akan suatu kasus

Ř Arguments bagian teks berupa alas an-alasan atau data yang dipaparkan penulis untuk mendukung pendapatnya.

Ř Reiteration bagian teks berupa pengulangan pendapat penulis atau penegasan pendapat penulis tentang masalah yang diulasnya

Ř Conclusion bagian teks yang menyatakan kesimpulan penulis

Ř Recommendation bagian teks yang menyatakan suatu solusi atau saran yang disajikan atas suatu permasalahan

Ř Goal/Aim bagian teks yang menyatakan tujuan

Ř Materials/Equipments bagian teks yang menginformasikan alat atau benda atau bahan yang digunakan untuk melakukan sesuatu.

Ř Steps/Methods bagian teks yang menunjukkan cara atau langkah-langkah untuk melakukan sesuatu

Ř Issue bagian teks yang mengisyaratkan terdapatnya suatu permasalahan atau topic yang layak mendapat ulasan

Ř Evaluation bagian teks berupa peninjauan ulang akan sesuatu masalah untuk dianalisa dan dinilai

Ř Interpretative Recount bagian teks berupa rangkuman plot atau penjelasan bagaimana alur dari karya diulas bias ada

Ř Newsworthy event(s) bagian teks yang menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang bermuatan berita  atau informasi yang layak diketahui umum

Ř Background event(s) bagian teks yang menerangkan apa yang terjadi, untuk siapa dan dalam situasi bagaimana

Ř Sources bagian teks berupa komentar participant, saksi, dn pihak berwenang terhadap suatu peristiwa.

Ř Twist bagian teks yang menmberikan hal yang membuat pembaca tersenyum, tertawa atau terheran-heran

Ř Abstract  bagian teks berupa isyarat akan apa yang diceritakan berupa kejadian yang tidak lumrah, aneh, atau tidak biasa

Ř Crisis bagian teks yang menyuguhkan kejadian-kejadian yang tidak biasa

Ř Reaction bagian teks yang menginformasikan tindakan atau reaksi terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi participant

Ř Coda bagian teks yang menunjukkan / menggambarkan suatu refleksiatau evaluasi terhadap suatu crisis

Ř Evaluative Summation bagian teks yang memeberikan rangkuman umum pendapat penulis akan suatu karya yang dikomentarinya

NARRATIVE TEXT

·         Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Menghibur pendengar/pembaca (To entertain reader/listener). Teks bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal/ peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan penyelesaian.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Orientation (pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat)

§  Complication (pengembangan konflok)

§  Resolution (penyelesaian konflik)

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  Nouns (kata benda) tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita misalnya stepsister (saudara tiri), housework (pekerjaan rumah tangga), dsb.

§  Adjectives (kata sifat) yang membentuk noun phrase, misalnya long white hair, two red apple, dsb.

§  Time connectives dan conjunction untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian, misalnya the next morning, then, before, that, soon, dsb.

§  Adverbs untuk menunjukan lokasi kejadian/peristiwa, misalnya here, happily ever after, dsb.

§  Action verbs dalam past tense seperti stayed, climed, saw dsb.

§  Saying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti said, told, promised, dan thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran, persepsi atau perasaan tokoh dalam cerita, misalnya thought, understood, felt, dsb.

CONTOH 1 NARATIF :

Contoh-contoh lain :

• CINDERELLA

·         Mount Bromo

·         Malin Kundang

·         Sangkuring

Exercises of Reading Test

A. Choose the correct answer by crossing a,b,c,d or e

Text 1

Long long time ago, mosquitoes didn’t buzz, they talked and talked.

          One day, Mosquito was talking to Iguana, telling her about his vacation, about every minute of his vacation. Mosquito would not let Iguana say one word. Iguana was so annoyed that she walked away, leaving Mosquito still talking. Iguana grumbled and waved her tail.

          She was still grumbling when she passed her friend Snake, and forgot all about saying hello. Snake was feeling hurt. He let so sad that he slithered down a rabbit’s hole.

          “ Help !” yelled Rabbit as she scurried out hole, terrified of Snake.

          “ What’s wrong?” cawed Crow as he saw Rabbit racing. Danger must be near,” Run for your lives !” cawed Crow.

          Monkey heard Crow’s warning and took off through the treetpos, leaping branch to branch. When monkey landed on Owl’s branch, high up in a leavy tree. Owl’s nest tipped of the branch and fell to the ground, breaking Owl’s eggs. Owl was heartbroken, so much that she didn’t hoot for the sun to come up.

          The whole jungle was mad at Mosquito. Finally Owl hooted for the sun to come up and when it did, Mosquito lost his voice. All he could do was buzzing in everyone’s ears. “ Zzzzzzzzzz ! Is everyone still mad at me ?”

01. What did the Monkey do to the Owl’s eggs ?

a.    Monkey broke the Owl’s eggs when he was on the branch.

b.    Monkey climbed on Owl’s tree when he heard Crow’s warning.

c.    Monkey damaged the Owl’s nest when he climbed the tree.

d.    Monkey fell on the Owl’s eggs when he climbed the tree

e.    Monkey made the Owl’s nest fall when he landed on Owl’s branch

02. The communicative purpose of this text is ….

a.    to describe a place.

b.    To entertain or amuse.

c.    To explain a place.

d.    To give a view of an art work.

e.    To inform

03. Why did Iguana grumble ?

       Because ....  .

a.    Mosquito told him about his vacation

b.    Iguana was annoyed so he walked away

c.    Mosquito wouldn’t allowed him to say a word.

d.    Mosquito talked and talked

e.    Iguana waved her tail

04. She was still grumbling when she passed the Snake.

       The underlined refers to ...  .

a.    the Snake                d. Iguana

b.    the Owl                            e.  Rabbit

c.    The Mosquito

05. Finally, Owl hooted for the sun to come up and when it did, Mosquito lost his voice. ( Pr. 7 )

       The underlined means ....  .

a.    the Owl hooted                  d.  the Crow cawed

b.    Mosquito lost his voice        e.  the sun came up

c.    The Snake hissing

Text 2

Once upon a time there was a poor widow who had an only son named Jack. They were so poor that they didn’t have anything except a cow. When the cow had grown too old, his mother sent Jack to he market to sell it. On the way to the market, jack met a butcher who had some beautiful beans in his hand. The butcher told the boy that the beans were of great value and persuaded the silly lad to sell the cow for the beans.

          Jack brought them happily. When he told his mother about this, his mother became so angry that she threw the beans out of the window.

          When jack woke up in the morning, he felt the sun shining into a part of his room, but all the rest was quite dark and shady.

          So he jumped to the window. What did he see ? The beanstalk grew up quite close past, Jack’s window. He opened the window and jumped to the beanstalk which ran up like a big ladder.

          He climbed...  and climbed till at last he reached the sky. While looking around, he saw a very huge castle. He was very amazed.

          Then Jack walked along the path leading to the castle. There was a big tall woman on the doorstep. Jack greeted her and asked for the giantess, mecy to give him breakfast, because he felt very hungry. Although the giantess grumbled at first, finally she gave Jack a hunk of bread and cheese and a jug of milk.

          Jack hadn’t finished when the whole house began to tremble with the noise of someone’s coming.” Oh! It’s my husband!” cried the giantess.” What’s on earth shall I do?”

          Hastily the giantess opened a very big cupboard and hid Jack there.

06. Where did Jack sell his cow?

a.    At a castle

b.    At the market

c.    At the giant’s castle

d.    At the butcher’s house

e.    On the way to the market.

07. What is the story about?

a.    Jack and butcher

b.    Jack and the giantess

c.    Jack and the beanstalk

d.    A poor widow and his son

e.    The giantess and her husband

08.   ”Oh! It’s my husband !” cried the giantees.

     (Paragraph 7 )” What’s on earth shall I do ?”

      From the sentence we know that the giantees is ... her husband.

a.    afraid of                           d.  annoyed with

b.    andry with                         e.  displeased with

c.    fed up with

09. Jack’s mother looked very furious when jack told that ...

a.    the beans were very precious

b.    the butcher bought his cow.

c.    he had sold his cow to a butcher

d.    he traded his cow to the beans

e.    he met a butcher on the way to the market.

10. What did we learn from the text ?

a.    Sincerity makes jack get something precious.

b.    Jack’s mother was a furious mother.

c.    Poverty makes people hopeless

d.    The giantess took pity on Jack

e.    Jack was an innocent boy.

    Kunci jawaban test reading

Reading Test

THE RAM IN THE CHILI PATCH

Long ago there was a Mexican boy named Juan who helped raise money for his family by growing peppers in his garden.

But one day when he came out to his chili patch, he found a ram there eating some peppers and stomping on others. “Go away, Mr. Ram.” said Juan. “Those are my peppers.” the ram replied. “Get away from me or I’ll butt you into the next country.” Juan started to cry, and all the animals on the little farm fell sorry for him. The cat tried to help. She went up to the ram and said, “You should be ashamed of yourself. Get out of there. Those are Juan’s chili peppers, but the ram lowered his head and said, “Get out of here or I’ll butt you into the next country.” So the cat ran away. The dog tried to help. He came out and barked at the ram, but the ram lowered his head and said, “Get out of here or I’ll butt you into the next country.” the dog too ran away.

Finally a little ant said, “I can help, Juan.” The ant climbed onto the ram and began biting him all over. The ram jumped up and started running. He ran so fast and so far that now he is in the next country.

6.       What kind of text is the text above?

a.       recount                   d. exposition

b.       narrative                e. explanation

c.        report

7.       What are the rhetorical steps of the text above?

a.       orientation – events – re-orientation

b.       general classification – description

c.        thesis – arguments – conclusion

d.       orientation – complication – resolution

e.       identification – description

8.       Where did the story take place?

a.       in the Juan’s house

b.       in the next country

c.        in the chili patch

d.       in the zoo

e.       in the jungle

9.       In which part the writer identify the main character of the story, the time and place where the story happened?

a.       complication           d. coda

b.       orientation             e. re-orientation

c.        resolution

10.    Long ago there was a Mexican boy named Juan who helped raise money for his family….  ( p. 1 )

What is meant by the italicized phrase?

a.       lift                          d. improve

b.       elevate                   e. collect

c.        rear

RECOUNT

Definisi of Recount

RECOUNT (retell/menceritakan kembali)

a.       Tujuan Komunikatif Teks

       Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan/ menghibur.

b.      Struktur Teks

• Pendahuluan (orientation): yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa,   dimana dan kapan.

• Rentetan Peristiwa /events: kegiatan/peristiwa yang terjadi yangf disampaikan    secara berurutan.

• Komentar pribadi dan/ungkapan penilaian (jika ada).

c.  Ciri Kebahasan:

Mengunakan :                                                                                                                                                                  

§  Noun dan pronoun sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan/benda yang terlibat misalnya; Dono, the monkey, we dsb.

§  Action verbs atau kata kerja tindakan, misalnya go, sleep, run, dsb.

§  Past tense misalnya We went to the zoo. She was happy.

§  Conjunction dan time connectives yang mengurutkan peristiwa/kejadian/kegiatyan. Misalnya and, but, then, after that, dsb.

§  Adverbs dan adverb phrases untuk mengungkapkan tempat, waktu dan cara. Misalnya yesterday, at my house, slowly dsb.

d. Contoh dan Struktur Teks

EARTHQUAKE

CONTOH 2 RECOUNT :

My Rush Time as a Journalist

I usually woke up at eight o'clock a.m. and went to the Press Center to check the daily schedule of briefings and press conferences. It was usually held by the United Nation officials or disaster mitigation team.

It was challenging to visit different refugee camps to find soft stories, human interest stories. After that I went back to the Press Center to cover the press conferences of the day.

It was heart breaking when I saw these survivors fight for food and secondhand clothing. Unfortunately as they said, the food and clothing were limited and inadequate. Emerging to glaring, fool noon, it was time to go back to Press Center to write stories and race against time. I was always fearing that the internet would come crushing down.

After everything was done, only then I remembered to eat. Most times, I only ate once a day because I always had to rush and again it was difficult to find food. I had to travel quite far. I needed to spend a 30 to 45 minutes by car just to find fresh food.

CONTOH 3 RECOUNT :

Reading Test

Text 1.

September 20, 2008.

Dear Grandpa and Grandma.

          Yesterday at my school, we had International Day. We had performances, food stalls, displays, Raffle ticket draw and some of us were dressed in costumes.

We started our day off with performances but the one I liked best was the one from fourth grade. It was about games. The performance I was in was called Labamba.

Straight after performance, we had our lunch. There were food stalls. They came from Australia, Asia, Arab and Greece. Everyone had a job. I did my job after I had lunch. My job was to sell international Day books.

We had displays in the hall. The displays were good but I didn’t get to see them. The displays came from a lot of countries.

There was also a Trash & Treasure stall where they sell toys. The school gets them by asking children to bring them in.

          After lunch, we had a raffle ticket draw, I didn’t win anything but a lot of people did.

Although I didn’t win anything, International Day was still fun.

Love from Helen.

01. What kind of text is it?

      It is a....

a.    spoof                     d.  procedure

b.    recount                             e.  descriptive

c.    narrative

02. What happened at Helen’s school ?

a.    They have a party

b.    They had a farewell party

c.    The had International Day

d.    They have a birthday party

e.    They had an inauguration party.

03. Does the last paragraph express a personal opinion?

      Regarding the events described?

a.    Yes, it was              d.  no, it doesn’t

b.    Yes, it is                           e.  No, it isn’t

c.    Yes, it does.

04. When did the international Day happen?

      It was ...

a.    Yesterday                d.  September 20

b.    two day ago            e.  September 21

c.    September, 19

05. What was she like best ?

a.    games                    d.  raffle ticket draw

b.    labamba                           e.  food stalls

c.    displays

Text 2

The Day I Became a Hero

I was as amazed as anyone else when I found Brian. I was flying low over an area of forest, miles from anywhere, when I noticed smoke.

After that I pulled round and flew in low for a better look. First, I noticed that someone had cleared an area of trees. Then I saw the camp.  I had to circle round a couple of times. After a while I was ready to fly in low and put the plane down on the lake. Next I paddled across to where Brian was standing, staring at me as if I was a ghost. Suddenly, he spoke and said his name.

You could have knocked me flat when I realised that I had found the kid!

06. Ais          : What is the purpose of this kind of text?

      Fathur     : As our teacher said the purpose is …

1. to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining
2. to present two points of view about an issue
3. to amuse or entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways
4. to describe how something accomplished trough a sequence of steps
5. to describe a peculiar person, place or things

07. Ais                    : How is the generic structure of the kind of text?

      Fathur     : As our teacher explained the generic structure are….

a. goal, events, reorientation

b.  goal, materials and equipments, resolution

c. orientation, events, reorientation

d. orientation, steps, goal

e. goal, materials and equipments, steps

08. Ais          : What kind of verb is mainly used in the text?

      Fathur     : It is …

a.    mental verbs                     c. linking verbs                  e. saying verbs

b.    thinking verbs                    d. action verbs

09. Ais          : The material processes used in the text mainly are in ……..

      Fathur     :  …

a.    infinitive         from                     c. participle form                         e. to infinitive form

b.    past from                         d. Ing form

10. Ais          : Who flew over the forest?

      Fathur     : I think …

1. I
2. The writer
3. The reader
4. Brian
5. The kid

Kunci jawaban

DESCRIPTIVE

The Definisi and Tujuan Descriptive Text

bagian teks yang menggambarkan hal / benda yang diulas, biasanya menggambarkan bagian-bagian yang dimiliki benda tersebut seperti fungsi, keadaan, kualitas, perilaku, atau kebiasaan.

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Mendeskripsikan (menggambarkan) ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Pengenalan subjek

§  Ciri-ciri subjek, misalnya tampilan fisik, kualitas, prilaku umum, sifat-sifat.

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  Nouns tertentu misalnya teacher, house, my cat, dsb.

§  Simple present tense

§  Detiled noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya It was a large open rowboat, a sweet young lady, dsb.

§  Adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering classifying, misalnya, two strong legs, sharp white fang, dsb.

§  Relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya, My mum is realy cool, It has very tick fur, dsb.

§  Thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis tentang subjek, misalnya Police belive the suspect is armed, I think it is the clever animal, dsb.

§  Action verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.

§  Adverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut, misal fast at the tree house,dsb.

§  Bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metafor. Misalnya John is white as chalk, sat tigh, dsb.

·         Contoh Teks Descriptive

Exercise 1 DESCRIPTIVE :

My Pet

            I have a pet. It is a dog and I call it Brownie.

            Brownie is a Chinese breed. It is small, fluffy, and cute. It has got thick brown fur. When I cuddle it, the fur feels soft. Brownie does not like bones. Every day it eats soft food like steamed rice, fish or bread. Every morning I give her milk and bread. When I am at school, Brownie plays with my cat. They get along well, and never fight maybe because Brownies does not bark a lot. It treats the other animals in our house gently, and it never eats shoes. Brownie is really a sweet and friendly animal.

What type of text is used by the writer?   

A. Report                                 

B. Recount                               

C. Narrative

D. News item

E. Descriptive

The communicative purpose if this text is....

A. to describe a particular animal

B. to share an amusing incident with others

C. to present two points of view about an issue

D. to inform the reads about the beauty of Brownie

E. to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining 

REPORT

Definisi Report

Teks ini menyajikan informasi atau mengupas hasil pengamatan, observasi, analisis, tentang benda, binatang, tempat atau orang.  (Laporan Hasil Pengamatan)

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Sesuatu yang dapat dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gejala alam, lingkungan benda buatan manusia, atau gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa simpulan umum, misalnya ikan paus termasuk binatang mamalia karena ikan tersebut melahirkan anaknya. Untuk membuat laporan semacam ini, siswa perlu mengamati dan membandingkan ikan paus dengan binatang lainnya yang memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama. Siswa dapat mencoba membuat teks laporan tentang, misalnya rumah sangat sederhana, warung tegal, sekolah, rumah sakit, dsb.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan dan klasifikasinyaTujuan Kegiatan

§  Deskripsi

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  General nouns, seperti Reptil in Comodo Island, dsb.

§  Relating verbs untuk menjelaskan ciri, misalnya reptile are scaly animal (ciri ini berlaku untuk semua reptilia),dsb.

§  Section verbs dalam menjelaskan perilaku, misal lizards cannot fly, dsb.

§  Present tense untuk menyatakan suatu yang umum, misalnya komodo dragon usually weigh more than 160 kg, dsb.

§  Istilah tekhnis, misalnya water contains oxygent and hydrogen, dsb.

§  Paragraf dengan topic sentences untuk menyusun sejumlah Informasi.

CONTOH 1 REPORT :

Exercise : REPORT :

For many years people believed that the cleverest animals after man were the chimpanzees. Now, however, there is proof that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes.

Although a dolphin lives in the sea it is not a fish. It is a mammal. It is in many ways, therefore, like a human being.

Dolphins have a simple language. They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear the kind of sounds man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to make a third language which both he and the dolphins can understand.

Dolphins are also very friendly toward man. They often follow ships. There are many stories about dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous waters.

The text above is in the form of ....

A. spoof                                                                      D. procedure

B. report                                                                      E. narration

C. recount  

EXPLANATION

Definisi dan Tujuan : Explanation
Teks ini menjelaskan tentang proses terkaitan pembentukan sesuatu atau menerangkan suatu fenomena, faham, definisi atau teori, dan hal yang berkaitan dengan fenomena alam  (Penjelasan )

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena dunia ilmiah, sosial-budaya, atau yang bertujuan menjelaskan.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Penjelasan umum

§  Penjelasan proses

§  Penutup

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  General dan abstrac nouns , misalnya word chopping, earthquakes;

§  Actions verbs;

§  Simple present tense;

§  Passive voice;

§  Conjunctions of time dan cause;

§  Nouns phrase, misalnya the large cloud;

§  Abstract nouns, misalnya the temperature;.

§  Adverbial phrases;

§  Complex sentences;

§  Bahasa teknis ;

§  Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

·         Contoh dan Struktur Teks Explaination

CONTOH 2 EXPLANATION :

How is a Kite Flying?

A kite is an object which is made from a light material stretched over a frame. Due to its light material a kite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into the wind.
A kite is uses wind to make it fly because it is heavier than air. When wind travels over the surface of the kite, it is split into two streams of air. One stream of the air goes over the kite while the second stream goes under the kite.
The upper stream creates an area of low pressure above the kite. The lower stream hits the kite at a shallow angle and creates an area of high pressure.
The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure area has a pulling effect. The combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the kite into the air.
Kites have been known for thousand of years. They are used for military or scientific purposes. Todays kites are much used for leisure and competition.

Reading Test

Text. 1

Well, I think there are three possible reasons why deserts remain dry. These are high mountain barrier, cold ocean currents and high pressure systems. The first is mountain barriers. Here is the explanation. When warm air passes over the ocean, it picks up moisture in the form of water vapor. As this moist air travels over mountain ranges. When begins to rise, the air cools and this causes the water vapor to condense into droplets which fall as rain. When the air reaches the other side of the mountain barrier, it has lost all its moisture and so the other side of the mountain remains dry.

Secondly is a cold ocean current. The explanation is as follow. Air passing over cold ocean currents is cooled and therefore is unable to pick up and hold much moisture. When this cold air mass reaches the warm desert, any moisture in the air is evaporated and so does not fall as rain and so the desert remains dry.

And finally is the high pressure systems. This is the reason. In a high pressure system, the air is dry and is moving downwards. As this system moves over the land it draws in moisture from the land surface. Consequently the moisture does not fall as rain and so the desert remains dry.

This is my explanation mom.

01. Ari           : What kind of text is it?

      Budi        : It is called …………..text.

a.    Narrative                           c. report                           e. recount

b.    explanation                                 d. description

02. Ari           : How is the text organization of this text?

      Budi        : usually it is consist of …..

a.     Orientation, events, re-orientation.                  

b.    Orientation, events, twist

c.    Orientation, complication, resolution

d.    Issue, argument for, argument against, conclusion.

e.    General statement, sequenced of explanation

03. Dania       : What is the purpose of this text?

      Syarifah   : It is used to ……

a.    explain the audience where something happen

b.    explain the processes in the formation or workings of natural or social cultural phenomena

c.    tell about funny stories

d.    amuse or entertain the audience

e.    tell about natural phenomena

04. Alifa        : What kind of tense is mostly used in the text?

      Aliya       : It uses ……..

a.    simple present tense                    d. present continuous tense

b.    simple past tense                         e. past continuous tense    

c.    simple future tense

05.  Sari        : How many explanation stated in the text?

      Dian       : There are ….

1. Two                                 c. four                    e. six
2. Three                               d. five

Text 2.

How are sedimentary rocks formed ?

Sedimentary rock is ……(6) the compression of layer of  particles into a solid  form. Sediments such as sand and  mud settle onto the …….(7) of ocean and lakes.  Over a long period of time, several layers of sediments collect on the floor. These layers are pressed together for many thousands of year, fusing  the small solid  particles  of mud and sand to form ……(8)  rock. This type of rock is called sedimentary rock.

06. a. formed by                         c. formed over                  e. formed into         

      b. formed on                        d. formed in

07. a. top                                   c. slope                            e. floors

      b. side                                 d. depth

08. a. soft                                  c. fluid                    e. sharp

      b. liquid                                d. solid

09. Budi        : ……………………..to know how this sedimentary rock formed?

      Beni        : All right. The process is like this. First,..

a.    I  don’t want                      c. I teach                e. I explain

b.    I eager                                       d. I mustn’t

10. Beni        : ………………………where we can find sedimentary rock?

      Budi        : As I know  we can find it in the bottom of lake or sea.

1. could you explaining           d. would you mind tell me
2. would you like explaining     e. would you like to explain
3. would you know

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Definisi  Analytical Exposition

Teks ini menyodorkan ide, gagasan, argumentasi penulis tentang fenomena / permasalahan untuk mempengaruhi / membujuk pembaca bahwa gagasan/ide tersebut merupakan Sesutu hal yang penting..

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar/pembaca) bahwa ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat perhatian.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Pernyataan pendapat/ Thesis statement (tujuan memperkenalkan topik)

§  Argumen terdiri dari point yang dikemukakan dan elaborasi

§  Penguatan pernyataan/conclusion

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  General nouns, misal car, pollution, leaded petrol car, dsb.

§  Abstrac nouns, misalnya policy, government , dsb.

§  Relating verbs, misalnya It is important, dsb.

§  Action verbs misalnya, She must save, dsb.

§  Thinking verbs, misalnya Many people believe, dsb.

§  Modal verbs, misalnya We must preserve, dsb.

§  Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, dsb.

§  Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb.

§  Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, dsb.

§  Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

·         Contoh Teks Analytical Exposition

Contoh 2 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Why is It Important to Choose the Accredited School?

Most of teenagers need to go to school and there are a lot of schools over there. Nowadays, schools grow to offer plenty of choice; private and state ones. However it is a hard choice since there are many factors which need to be considered before making the selection. Some will be influenced by friends; because some friend got to certain school than we go to there too. Some prefer to choose certain school because of the closer distance. In fact, the primary decisive matter for selecting school is whether the school has been accredited or not.
Why is important to choose an accredited school? Well, accredited schools have an edge over the unaccredited schools. This label of Accredited School has an impact in employment opportunities. As result, if there are two or more students with similar qualifications, the student who comes from the accredited school will have an edge over the other candidate. Student from an accredited school has more open door than student with an accredited one.
Many students select certain school depending more on short term factors like friend influence and short distance from home. It is not bad since commuting actually needs much cost. Choosing school which is closer to home will save time, energy and money. However if that school is not accredited, the time and money spent along studying seems to be waste in the long term because it could become a limiting factor in gaining future opportunities.
Accredited school is not the only factor which will drive student’s success. Personality and characterization are very important too. However a student with good personality who comes from an accredited school is better than the others.

HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Definisi  Hortatory Exposition

Teks ini menggambarkan usaha penulis agar pembaca melakukan sesuatu.

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar/pembaca) bahwa seharusnya demikian atau tidak demikian .

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Pernyataan isu yang dipersoalkan

§  Argumen : berupa alasan mengapa ada keprihatinan, dan mengarah ke rekomendasi

§  Recomendasi : pernyataan tentang bagaimana seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  Abstrac nouns,misalnya policy,government dsb.

§  Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals,dsb.

§  Relating verbs, misalnya should be, doesn’t seem to have been , dsb.

§  Action verbs, misalnya, we must save, dsb.

§  Thinking verbs, misalnya I believe , dsb.

§  Modal verbs, misalnya We must preserve, dsb.

§  Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly,we, dsb.

§  Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb.

§  Simple present tense

§  Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, dsb.

§  Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

·         Contoh Teks Hortatory Exposition (eksposisi hortatory)

Contoh 2 HORTATORY EXPOSITION :

Many of us are dismayed about the quality of our education, which is not commensurate with the high cost spent on school fees. It is way below our expectations if we compare our graduates with those who studied overseas, especially concerning the mastery of English.
It is important to know that most of employments require competence in English, for office work and correspondence. Government officials, speakers, writers and observers use a lot of English.
Then the important thing is to use English as a medium in schools so that we can compete with graduates from abroad. All students have studied English since they are in junior high school. Even some of them had been introduced with English when they were in elementary school. However, lots of graduates have less English skills. Learning English is difficult but it is more difficult to customize us with it
Then it will be beneficial to have TV films in English like in Singapore. It will help to increase our graduates’ competence in English.

PROCEDURE

Definisi :

Teks ini menujukkan suatu proses bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan melalui tahapan / rangkaian kegiaatan. Jadi teks ini memebri petunjuk tentang langkah-langkah / cara melakukan sesuatu

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Memberi petunjuk tentang cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan/langkah.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Tujuan Kegiatan

§  Bahan-bahan

§  Langkah-langkah

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  Pola kalimat imperative, misalnya Cut, Don’t mix, dsb.

§  Action verbs, misalnya turn, put, don’t mix, dsb.

§  Connectives untuk mengurutkan kegiatan, misalnya then, while, dsb.

§  Adverbials untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang akurat, misalnya for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top, dsb.

·         Contoh teks Procedure

DISCUSSION

Definisi  Discussion

Teks ini menyajikan masalah yang harus didiskusikan dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. (Pembahasan)

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks

mengetengahkan suatu masalah (isu) yang ditinjau paling tidak dari 2 (dua) sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.

Struktur Teks

• Isu;

• pendapat yang mendukung;

-          Gagasan Pokok 1;

-          Elaborasi (uraian),

-          Gagasan Pokok 2;

-          Elaborasi (uraian).

• Pendapat yang menentang;

-          Gagasan Pokok;

-          Elaborasi (uraian).

• Kesimpulan.

Contoh 1 Discussion :

Contoh 2 Discussion :

Giving Children Homework; Pro and Con

There are a lot of discussion as to whether children should be given homework or not. Is it enough for children having time to study at school or needing additional time in home for study after school time?

Some people claim that children do enough work in school already. They also argue that children have their hobbies which they want to do after school, such as sport or music. A further point they make is that a lot of homeworks are pointless and does not help the children learn at all.

However, there are also strong arguments against this point of view. Parents and teachers argue that it is important to find out whether children can work on their own without the support from the teacher. They say that the evening is a good time for children to sit down and think about what they have learned in school.

Furthermore they claim that the school day is too short to get anything done. It makes sense to send home tasks like independent reading or further writing task which do not need the teacher support.

I think, on balance, that some homework is good idea but that should only given at the weekend when children have more time.

Contoh 3 Discussion :

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

• It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
• It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
• It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
• It produces small amount of waste.
• It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

REVIEW

Definisi :

Teks ini untuk mengkritisi atau mengevaluasi suatu karya. ( Ulasan atau tinjauan )

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar, khalayak ramai, misalnya film, pertunjukan, dan buku.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Pengenalan

§  Evaluasi 1

§  Evaluasi 2

§  Tafsiran

§  Evaluasi 3

§  Evaluasi 4, dan sebagainya.Jika ada

§  Rangkuman

·         Ciri kebahasaan :

§  Terfokus pada partisipan tertentu

Menggunakan:

§  Adjective, menunjukan sikap, seperti bad,good;

§  Klausa panjang dan kompleks;

§  Metafor.

·   Contoh dan Struktur Teks Review

Contoh 2 REVIEW :

Exercise 1 REVIEW :

FILMS INTACT

2002 Juan Carlos Fresnadillo,

Federico and Sam are two lucky men, Federico survived an earthquake and has the power to wrench fortune from those around him: he has the gift, Sam is a survivor of the Jewish holocaust and manages a casino in the middle of a lava desert. One day Federico challenges Sam, who expels him from paradise, taking his gift from him.

Years later, Federico thinks that he has found in Tomas, the only survivor of an air accident, the instrument of his vengeance. By teaching him to control fortune, he can use him to return to the casino and challenge the God of fortune. Together they begin a journey of initiation, a succession of ever more strange and difficult tests in which the highest bet is the luck of others; luck, which in this game is captured in a simple photograph. Everything goes well until Sara, a policewoman who survives a car accident which kills her family, becomes obsessed with discovering what is behind these clandestine games in which death and luck become enmeshed. In which only one can remain intact. This film is really worth watching.                              

      After reading the review, how would you judge this film?

      a. Bad.                                           c.   Not bad.                           e.   Excellent.

      b. Fair.                                          d.   Mediocre

      What does the writer suggest to the audience?                                

A. The film is forgettable.           

B. They should watch the film.         

C. They should neglect the film.      

D. They should make another film.   

E. The writer should promote the film.

ANECDOTE

Definisi  :

Teks ini menceritakan tentang hal-hal yang tidak lazim, lucu, imajinatif (peristiwa/kejadian yang menimpa seseorang atau pengalaman seseorang yang diakhiri hal-hal lucu)

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Menceritakan kejadian/peristiwa lucu berdasarkan khayalan atau peristiwa nyata yang bertujuan menghibur.

·         Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§  Abstrak

§  Pengenalan

§  Krisis

§  Tindakan

§  Koda (prubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita)

·         Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§  Seruan/kata seru, pertanyaan retorik dan kata-kata seperti Listen to this! And do you know what? It’s awful, isn’t it? dsb

§  Action verbs, misalnya go, write, dsb.

§  Conjuctions yang berhubungan dengan waktu, seperti then, afterwards, dsb.

Contoh Teks Anecdote

Exercise 1 Anecdote :

Al Brown was very good at fixing things around the house when they broke. One day he went to another city to do some work there, and his wife was alone in the house. While Mr. Brown was away, one of the faucets on the bathtub broke. Mrs. Brown didn't now much about fixing broken faucets, so she telephoned a plumber.

The plumber came to the house that afternoon and fixed the faucet in a few minutes. When he finished, he gave Mrs. Brown his bill for the work.

She looked at it for several seconds and then said, "Your prices are very high, aren't they? Do you know, the doctor costs less than this when he comes to the house?"

"Yes, I know," answered the plumber. "I know that very well, because I was a doctor until I was lucky enough to find this job a few months a go."

The type of text above is a/an....

A. report                                                                      D. narrative

B. recount                                                                   E. descriptive

C. anecdote 

What is the communicative purpose of the text?

(A) To share an amusing story with others.

(B) To inform readers about Mrs. Brown's problem.

(C) To present two points of view about the plumber's issue.

(D) To describe the plumber's experience in fixing broken faucets.

(E) To persuade readers to be concerned with Mrs. Brown's case.

SPOOF

Definisi :

Teks ini menceritakan suatu cerita factual yang terjadi di masa lampau dengan akhir yang lucu dan tidak terduga. Tujuannya adalah untuk menghibur atau berbagi cerita.

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged

It’s Time to Go to School! Short Example of Spoof Text  1

Early one morning, a mother went in to wake up her son. "Wake up, son. It's time to go to school!"

"But why, Mom? I don't want to go."

"Give me two reasons why you don't want to go."

"Well, the kids hate me for one, and the teachers hate me, too!"

"Oh, that's no reason not to go to school. Come on now and get ready."

"Give me two reasons why I should go to school."

"Well, for one, you're 52 years old. And for another, you're the Principal!"

(Taken from: www.rd.com/)

Loving Money Too Much; Example of Spoof   2

There was a man who liked money very much. He worked all of his life and wanted to save all of his money for his own future. He was a real miser when it came to his money. He loved money more than just about anything.

Even, just before he died, he said to his wife; "Now listen, when I die, I want you to take all my money and place it in the casket with me. I wanna take my money to the afterlife." So he asked his wife to promise him with all her heart that when he died, she would put all the money in the casket with him.

Well, one day, he really died. Then he was stretched out in the casket. The wife was sitting there in black clothes next to her closest friend. When they finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said "Wait just a minute!"

She had a box in her hands. She came over with the box and placed it in the casket. After that the undertakers locked the casket down and rolled it away. Not long after that, her friend said, "I hope you were not crazy enough to put all that money in the casket."

The wife turned to her friend and replied; "Yes, because I have promised." Then she continued; "I can't lie. I promised him that I was going to put that money in that casket with him." Feeling shocked, her friend said; "You mean that you have put every cent of his money in the casket with him?" Then the wife answered; "Surely I did. I got it all together, put all the money into my account and I just wrote him a check."

(Re-written from www.onlyfunnystories.com)

“That Phone is Off” ; example of spoof   3

Soon after he left college, Dave found one of his uncles who was very rich and had no children of his own died and left him a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency.

Dave found a nice office. He bought some new furniture and moved in. he had only been there for e few hours when he heard someone coming toward the door of his office.

“It must be my first customer” Dave thought. He quickly picked up the telephone and pretended to be very busy answering an important call from someone in New York who wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country.

The man knocked at the door while this was going on. He came in and waited politely for Dave to finish his conversation on the phone. Then the man said to Dave; “I am from the telephone company and I was sent here to connect your telephone”

NEWS ITEM

Definisi :
Teks yang menginformasikan pembaca tentang kejadian-kejadian  yang dianggap penting atau layak diberitakan (dipublikasikan).

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Memberitakan kepada pembaca, pendengar/penonton tentang peristiwa-peristiwa atau kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan.

·           Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

§   Kejadian inti

§   Latar belakang: elaborasi kejadian, orang yang terlibat, tempat kejadian, dsb.

§   Sumber informasi: komentar saksi kejadian, pendapat para ahli, dsb.

·           Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

§   Informasi singkat tertuang dalam headline menggunakan action verbs, saying verbs, misal say, tell, dsb. Menggunakan kata keterangan, misalnya badly injured, the most beautiful bride in the worl, dsb.

Contoh News  Items :